Explain what a buffer is, how to prepare one, how it resists pH change, and how the bicarbonate system helps control blood pH.
Explain what is meant by a chemical buffer and how a buffer system works. (For context this should include: defining what is a buffer solution, explaining how buffer solution can be made, explaining how buffer solutions control pH; use chemical equations in these explanations, describe and explain the uses of buffer solutions including the role of HCO3 1- in controlling PH in blood).