Biology 10 syllabus

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All Biology 10 learning outcomes

Describe the needs of ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion.
Identify and describe the structures of the main regions of the alimentary canal and associated organs.
Describe swallowing and peristalsis.
Sort out the actions of enzymes in specific regions of alimentary canal, with respect to their substrate and products.
State the role of liver.
Describe the structure of villus, including the role of capillaries and lacteal.
State sign and symptoms, causes, treatments and prevention of the disorders of gut i.e., diarrhea, constipation and ulcer.
Identify different types of organs connected to the blood circulatory system and their roles.
Identify the different components that make up the blood.
Name the cell types found in blood and their roles.
Describe the process of blood clotting.
Explain the structure of heart with a diagram.
Describe how the blood is circulated inside the human body.
Explain how blood is used to transport materials throughout the human body.
Explain common heart diseases.(Coronary heart disease, Myocardial infarction, Angina)
Explain the harmful effects of smoking related to heart diseases.
Describe the roles of the parts of the air passageway and lungs.
Describe the mechanism of breathing in terms of movements of ribs and muscles.
Differentiate between composition of inspired and expired air.
Discuss briefly diseases related to respiratory system like bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia, asthma and lung cancer.
Identify the different organs of urinary system.
Related the structure of the kidney with its function.
State that nephron is the excretory unit of kidney.
Locate the different parts of nephron and relate them with their function.
State the main role of kidney in urine formation.
State that urine formation involves three processes i.e., filtration, reabsorption and secretion.
Explain that kidney play an important role in osmoregulation. Identify the causes and treatment of kidney stones.
Outline the causes of kidney failure and treatments.
Describe the nervous system and its role.
Describe central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
Outline the types of neuron with diagrams.
Define stimulus with example.
State the nerve impulses are electrical signals that travel across neuron.
Define and sketch synapse.
Introduce neurotransmitters.
Explain through sketching a diagram the involvement of nervous system when a person accidently touches something painfully hot and withdraws their hands as a reflex.
Explain the endocrine system.
Identify major endocrine glands and hormones with their functions.
Describe the role of hormones in both male and female sexual development.
Describe the process of gametogenesis and fertilization.
Describe asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction mechanisms with examples (plants and animals)
Describe sex determination in human
Sketch the structure of chromosomes.
Define genotype and phenotype, allele homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive
Illustrate Mendelian inheritance laws through monohybrid and dihybrid cross.
Define disease, illness and infection and pathogen.
List the 4 different types of pathogens (Viruses, Bacteria, Plasmodium, Fungi). and list their common diseases.
Discuss antibiotics.
Discuss the development of resistance in bacteria.
Describe discovery of pencillin.
Define Diabetes and its subtypes explain the effects on the human body.
Discuss cancer and its effects on the human body.
Narrate Covid 19 and list the harmful effects on the human body.
Discuss that HIV compromises the Immune system and over times leads to development Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Explain plant diseases commonly present in Pakistan, in terms of their effect on plant health and yield and their treatment. (Rust, smut, red rot of sugarcane)
Describe infectious and non-infectious diseases and their types with examples
Define zoonotic diseases and give their types.
Describe vector borne diseases with examples
Define immunity and List the roles of the immune system.
Describe the components of the immune system (Lymphatic system (lymph nodes), Types of immune cells and their roles, Innate immunity, adaptive immunity and the three lines of defence).
State that the function of adaptive immunity.
Discuss that vaccines help boost immunity with examples.
Enlist allergies with some common types.
Introduce biotechnology.
Explain with examples that food biotechnology has advanced agriculture especially inside Pakistan.
Explain with examples that medical biotechnology has advanced healthcare in diabetes and cancer.
State the potential advantages that genetic editing provides with examples in the context of medicine and agriculture.
Describe with examples the benefits of marine biotechnology.
Describe that bioremediation can help us in taking better care of our environment with an example.
Explain the concept and applications of industrial biotechnology with examples.
Define biostatistics and its uses.
Define and calculate mean, median and mode,
Sketch a bar chart for a given set of biological data.